Sodium and lithium batteries are common rechargeable batteries, but they have many differences. The main difference lies in their chemical composition and performance. The following are the differences and advantages between sodium batteries and lithium batteries:

chemical composition
The positive electrode of a sodium battery is a sodium ion, while the negative electrode is a carbon material or corresponding sodium compound. Lithium batteries use lithium ions as the positive electrode and carbon materials or corresponding lithium compounds as the negative electrode. Compared to lithium, sodium is a more widely present element on Earth, making it more sustainable in terms of resources.

energy density
Lithium batteries have a higher energy density, which means they can store more energy in the same volume or weight. Therefore, lithium batteries are very popular as power sources in modern electronic devices. The low energy density of sodium batteries limits their practical application.

Security
Sodium batteries are safer than lithium batteries. Sodium batteries have better safety when overcharging or short circuiting, as their electrodes and electrolytes do not burn or explode, but only leak their electrolytes. Due to the relatively low electrolyte temperature of sodium batteries, they can also better resist stress resistance.

cost
Due to cost issues, sodium batteries are not as widely used as lithium batteries. However, the use of sodium batteries in solid-state sodium electrolyte systems with long lifespan may change the market landscape. At present, the use of sodium batteries is more feasible and cost-effective than lithium batteries in large-scale energy storage systems and grid interactions.

In summary, sodium batteries and lithium batteries have their own advantages and disadvantages in different application fields. The energy density and widespread application of lithium batteries make them the mainstream batteries in electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops. Sodium batteries have better safety and resource sustainability, and have broader application prospects, such as large-scale energy storage systems and grid interactions.